Introduction In the world of advanced chemical synthesis, few reactions have had as much lasting impact as the Stille reaction. Developed by American chemist John K. Stille in the late 1970s, this palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction has become a powerful tool in building complex carbon–carbon (C–C) bonds with precision. Today, it plays a vital role in…

Introduction Struggling with challenging cross-coupling reactions involving sensitive functional groups? In modern organic synthesis, efficient carbon–carbon (C–C) bond formation remains one of the most essential yet complex transformations. Among the many cross-coupling strategies available, the Negishi coupling stands out for its exceptional reactivity, selectivity, and versatility. First reported by Ei-ichi Negishi, this palladium- or…

Introduction In the realm of organic synthesis, forming carbon–carbon bonds efficiently is critical for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals. Kumada coupling, discovered by Makoto Kumada in the 1970s, is one of the earliest and most practical methods for achieving this. Using Grignard reagents and transition metal catalysts, primarily nickel, palladium or copper, it allows the…